The GRATA International Legal Series (the “GILS”) is a distinctive legal handbook, offering essential legal insights and practical tips for conducting business across jurisdictions where GRATA International operates.

Legal experts within the GILS framework have meticulously prepared an overview of the pivotal cases across a spectrum of legal areas.

The third edition of GILS is dedicated to dispute resolution in 11 jurisdictions: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, China, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Ukraine.

In this edition of GILS, you will find a digest of intriguing cases from various jurisdictions, carefully selected to highlight notable aspects of the legal landscape.

GRATA International team successfully represents the interests of clients at all stages of dispute resolution of various specialisations, including corporate disputes, commercial disputes, disputes with tax authorities, etc. Our lawyers have considerable experience in solving these issues in the countries where GRATA International operates.

Mongolia adopted its first democratic Constitution in 1992, transitioning to a market economy system.

Under Article 5 of the Constitution, it is stated that “Mongolia shall have an economy based on different forms of property consistent with universal trends of world economic development and its own country’s specifics.”, “The State recognizes all forms of public and private property and shall protect the owners’ rights by law.”, and “The State shall regulate the economy to ensure the nation’s economic security, the development of all forms of property, and the social development of the population.”, respectively.

Within the above framework, the Competition Legislation was enacted in 1993 as an independent legal institute aimed at regulating competition, promoting fair practices, and protecting market participants from unfair competition[1]. These include the Law on Prohibition of Unfair Competition, the 2000 Law on Prohibition of Unfair Competition, and the 2010 Law on Competition.

On July 23, 2024 a new edition of the Law of the Republic of Belarus «On Investments» (hereinafter – the Law) comes into force. The new edition of the Law is targeted to invigorate investors by providing them with new opportunities to make investments and give a «second life» to public-private partnership in Belarus.

For reference: currently, such investment instruments as, for example, an investment agreement with the Republic of Belarus are not popular with investors due to the complexity of the procedure, insufficient awareness and understanding of possible benefits.

The most significant changes are:

• establishing a «preferential investment project»;
• establishing a «special investment agreement»;
• expansion of the list of preferences;
• establishment of new principles of investment, which are aimed at a more individualized approach to investors;
• expansion of the powers of state bodies in the field of control and management of investments, which, among other things, implies simplification of the procedure for concluding investment agreements;
• establishment of the investors obligation to reimburse the amounts of benefits and (or) preferences, pay the amounts of customs duties and pay a penalty in case of termination of the investment agreement on grounds other than its execution.

In general, the novels of the new Law are implementing tools that have already been used in international practice and are known to many investors from the practice of the Russian Federation into the national legislative system.

Dear reader,

Let us to introduce you the ‘Doing Business in the Republic of Kazakhstan’ publication developed by GRATA International.

The information herein is based on theoretical and practical information available as of April 2024. The content of this publication is intended for foreign businessmen and companies seeking to do business in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In particular, the brochure allows you to learn about the main forms of doing business in Kazakhstan, including a detailed comparison table of such forms, information on the tax structure, bankruptcy, and it also provides answers to the frequently asked questions for starting and doing business in Kazakhstan. Please note, however, that the legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan is subject to frequent changes.

If you have decided to start business in Kazakhstan, we would be happy to assist and offer our services.

We hope you find information given helpful and useful.

Best Regards, GRATA International

GRATA International’s specialists of the Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare sector released a new publication on Pricing of medicines.

Inside you can find articles on the following countries: Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Türkiye, UAE, Uzbekistan.

The GRATA International Legal Series (the “GILS”) is a distinctive legal handbook, offering essential legal insights and practical tips for conducting business across jurisdictions where GRATA International operates. 

Legal experts within the GILS framework provided an overview of the legislative database across different legal environments and presented them in a Q&A format.

The second edition of GILS is dedicated to corporate law and covers key issues of corporate legislation in 15 jurisdictions: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan.

This edition of GILS provides an overview of the environment for doing business in each jurisdiction: forms of doing business and establishment of legal entities, general taxation issues, regulatory and other issues. 

GRATA International provides a full range of services in the field of corporate law, including advising on topical issues of corporate legislation, structuring and support of M&A, establishment of Joint Ventures, conducting legal Due Diligence, Background Checks, resolution of corporate disputes etc.